New gasoline additive
The gasoline in your boat’s fuel tank may have been changed in ways that could cause problems. Many states have mandated replacement of the gasoline additive MTBE, with ethanol (denatured grain alcohol). This changeover was part of the 2005 Energy Bill, which also got rid of the requirement for oxygenated gas, the main reason MTBE, a suspected carcinogen and groundwater pollutant, was added in the first place. The bill also required ethanol, made from Midwestern corn, to be gradually added to the nation's supply of gasoline. It removed protection for fuel suppliers from MTBE-related lawsuits, a big reason why ethanol is rapidly phasing in. Most marinas are required to post the ethanol content in their fuel.

This blend of gasoline with ethanol added, called E-10, contains 10% ethanol and 90% gas. The recommendations in this West Advisor are based on use of E-10, the most commonly available "ethanol" fuel. A few states also are offering E-85 (85% ethanol, 15% gasoline, mostly available in Minnesota and relatively nearby Illinois), and some domestic cars and SUVs are designated as Flexible Fuel Vehicles, and can safely fill up with E-85. At this time, unless specifically stated by the engine/vessel systems manufacturers, E-85 is not recommended for use in marine power systems. For example, Mercury approves and warranties the use of E-10 fuels, but does not approve or warranty the use of E-85. E-10 works great in most cars, which tend to be newer than the majority of pleasure boats, and get used far more regularly and more often. Boat owners and mechanics have reported problems connected with the changeover to E-10. Some of the challenges you may need to consider:

Dealing with ethanol-related problems

• Don’t mix ethanol-enhanced fuel with the old stuff that contains MTBE. Combination of the two additives, especially when water is mixed in, may create a gel-like material that clogs carburetors (especially in outboards). Use all the old gas before refueling with E-10 if possible, or refill with the tank no more than 20% full. A clean, dry tank is best for the first fillup.
  
• Replace fuel filters frequently during the first few tanks of ethanol fuel. If you don’t already have one, install a fuel/water separator filter, and carry replacement elements. Be prepared to change filters on the water if your engine loses rpm, sputters or hesitates. We also strongly recommend installing a spin-on fuel vacuum gauge so that you can see when the filter needs to be changed.
  
• If your boat or engine was built before 1990, you may need to replace old hoses, O-rings, primer bulbs or other plastic or rubber parts that are not alcohol-compatible. Inspect the system more frequently for leakage or deterioration. Most fuel hoses made after 1984 and labeled with SAE J1527 are ethanol safe.
  
• Do your best to keep water out of your fuel. Fill up with only as much gas as you will use during the next two weeks (conversely, keeping your tank full prevents water from condensing on its walls, especially if you live in an area with big daily temperature swings). When fueling, we advise using a funnel like the West Marine Fuel Filter Funnels to prevent water and particulates from entering your system. Add a gasoline fuel treatment like Star brite’s Star Tron. When winterizing, experts are divided on whether to drain the tank as empty as possible, but you should add a good fuel stabilizer such as West Marine EZ-Store/EZ-Start or Sta-Bil.
  
   
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