Outboard. The length of the blade from the tip of the spoon to the button at the point where it will sit against the swivel. (Or, the engine on the coaching launch.)

Overlap. The amount by which the scull handles overlap when an athlete holds them horizontally at right angles to the boat.

Pair. Boat for two sweep rowers.

Pin. The spindle on which the swivel rotates.

Pitch. Angle of inclination of the spoon to the vertical during the propulsive phase of the stroke. This is dictated by both the stern and lateral pitch.

Pressure. The amount of effort applied by the athlete to the power phase of the stroke. (usually light, ½, ¾, firm or full)

Points. Points are awarded to athletes for winning races. Number of points determines the status of the athlete. See the ARA Rules of Racing for more details.

Posture. Position of back and shoulder muscles during the stroke cycle. See section on flexibility and posture.

Power phase. The part of the stroke between the beginning and the extraction when the blade is in the water and propelling the boat.

Quad. Boat for four scullers.

Rate. Or rating. Number of strokes rowed in a minute.

Ratio. The ratio of the time taken for the power phase to that of the recovery phase of the stroke. Ideally time taken for the recovery will be about three times that of the power phase. 1:3

Recovery. The part of the stroke phase between the extraction and the beginning or catch when the blade is out of the water.

Regatta. A competition with events for different boat types and status athletes usually involving heats, semi finals and finals for each event. Boats compete side by side from a standing start.

Rhythm. (Good) Optimum ratio.

Riggers. Metal outriggers attached to the boat outer shell of the boat next to each seat that support the swivel and the pin. There are currently several different designs of rigger from two or three stay metal or carbon tubing to metal or carbon wings.

Rigging. The way in which the riggers, slides, swivel, pins, foot plate, oars and sculls can be adjusted to optimise athlete comfort and efficiency.

Rigger jigger. A small spanner used for attaching and adjusting riggers.

Rudder. The device under the boat which when moved causes change of direction. Linked to the cox or a crew member by wires.

Running start. A racing start undertaken with the boat already moving.

Saxboard. The sides of the boat above the water line made to strengthen the boat where the riggers attach.

Scull. Smaller version of the oar used for sculling.

Sculling. Rowing with two oars.

Shell. The smooth hull of the boat. Sometimes made from wood but more commonly now from a synthetic material.

Slide. Two metal runners on which the seat travels.

Span. The distance between the centres of the bow and stroke side swivel on a sculling boat.

Spin turn. Term used to describe turning the boat on its axis.

Spoon. The end of the oar which enters the water. Usually painted in the colours of the club represented by the athlete.

Square or squaring. To turn the oar so that the spoon is at 90 degrees to the water. This action should be done early during the recovery to ensure good preparation for the catch.

 
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